{"id":65,"date":"2018-12-19T18:20:04","date_gmt":"2018-12-19T18:20:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/giorgosmoleskis.com.cy\/?page_id=65"},"modified":"2018-12-25T09:58:35","modified_gmt":"2018-12-25T09:58:35","slug":"studies-essays","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/giorgosmoleskis.com.cy\/en\/studies-essays\/","title":{"rendered":"Studies-Essays"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-header has-post-format\">\r\n<h2>Studies\/Essays<\/h2>\r\n<dl class=\"article-info\"><\/dl>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<h4>THE HOMELAND IN CYPRIOT POETRY<\/h4>\r\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cypriot poets, both Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot, discovered their country as a unique geographical and historical place and gave it a new role and shape in their poetry, mainly after the events of 1974. Before that, for both communities, Cyprus was like a boat in the sea and each wanted it to sail towards the one or the other motherland. The tragic experiences of both communities and the feeling of loss, which becomes stronger as time passes, as well as the danger of losing the country as a whole, were turning points in the poets\u2019 approach to the homeland. But poets from the different communities came to these turning points via different roads. From different roads they also came to understand the multicultural character of Cypriot society.<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is true that this multiculturalism, especially in Cyprus\u2019s written culture, remains unknown until today. This is due to the difference in languages, but also to social and political causes. There were no translations or specialized publications aiming to promote dialogue and understanding between the people of the different communities. This situation is changing gradually nowadays with the appearance of some periodicals and other publications, mainly by the University of Nicosia and the European University, but also, because more and more people understand the importance of this type of communication. This effort, of course, has its limits, as it addresses a limited number of people who read in the English language and who have a special interest in literature. Personally, I find these publications very interesting and helpful. The poor trans-communal communication within the written culture of Cyprus didn\u2019t allow the inhabitants of the island to understand the unifying role of the historical and cultural inheritance in society, of the monuments left behind by different civilizations that passed from the island, as well as what they left in the language and the everyday lives of the people.<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 On the other hand, in matters of everyday life, if we go back to the years before the separation, people from different communities knew each other; they knew what they had in common and what was different in the way they were living, preparing their food, working, celebrating their holidays, receiving their guests. They knew and they accepted each other. Living together for centuries, they had, of course, many things in common. This influenced the folk art and culture on different levels, poetry, music, dance and craftsmanship. This didn\u2019t affect though the written culture and eventually education, which were oriented towards the mother languages and the mother countries\u2019 traditions and were inspired by political and ideological ideas. However, there was always a kind of \u201clocality\u201d, to the extent that literary works were inspired by local historical and social events and life on the island.<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This approach is, in a way, natural for Cypriot poets, who live in a small place but reach in historical events that had a dramatic effect on people\u2019s lives. Contemporary Cypriot poets, the ones whose poetic contribution has developed from the 1950s onwards, have lived striking events. Such events are the struggle for independence of the Greek Cypriots in 1955-1959, under the banner of Union with Greece and the demand for partition demonstrated by the Turkish Cypriots, the Cyprus independence of 1960, which brought to an end the previous enthusiasm and banners. Then came the bi-communal conflict of 1963-1964 and ten years later, in 1974, the coup and the Turkish invasion of the island, with masses of dead and missing persons, ruins and destruction for both sides.<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Greek Cypriot poetry written before 1974 was oriented toward history. Historical names and historical events were interpreted poetically in a way that could serve the national and ideological goals of the poets. Of course, the interpretation of historical events, or the role of historical figures, although not identical in the works of different historians, they are still historical facts. But in poetry they become symbols. And the symbols may have multiple meanings and roles, in accordance with the place and the time the poet lives, his or her social and historical environment, personal experiences and philosophical and ideological beliefs and ideas or aesthetic orientations and the model of the world he or she tries to build up in poetry. To some extent this historical approach applies to Turkish Cypriot poetry as well, with references to heroes and martyrs. For Greek Cypriot poetry though, this is one of its main characteristics. Following the examples of Constantinos Kavafis and Giorgos Seferis, poets refer to historical times and heroes in a modern context. The ancient figures of Evagoras and Onisillos, as well as heroes from modern times, like Gregory Afxentioy, Kyriakos Matsis and others, become symbols with a strong ideological context.<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pantelis Michanicos, for example, in his book \u201cDeposition\u201d (\u201c\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u201d), which was published in 1975, refers to the historic figure of Onisillos, expressing feelings of disappointment and criticizing his compatriots for passiveness and inaction:<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ten years Onisillos has been sending his bees to us,<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to sting us<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to wake us up<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to bring us a message.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ten thousand bees has sent Onisillos<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 and all of them died on our thick skin<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 without giving us any feeling.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 And when the marching of the barbarians<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 was heard in Salamis<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Onisillos shuddered.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The allegory of the poem is obvious. Ancient Salamis with the neighboring city of Ammochostos, were occupied by the Turks in 1974. In the poem \u201cThe two mountains\u201d, published in 1963, the heroes are Machaeras and Hilarion, names of two mountains of Cyprus and names of historical persons as well, the chronicler Machaeras and the Saint Hilarion. The poet conducts a dialogue with them about contemporary social and national problems.<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theoklis Kouyialis, refers often to history and mythology in his poetry, sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly, using an allegorical language. In his book \u201c\u039cythology\u201d (\u201c\u039c\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u201d), published in 1981, there are many such references to history, especially in the triptych poem \u201cChronicon\u201d \u201c\u03a7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u201d. The poet uses history and mythology freely, without following chronological order. He refers to the medieval history of Cyprus and Leondios Machaeras, he uses historical persons and historical events from that time, as well as the words of the chronicler himself, in order to speak about the tragic events of 1974. In the part \u201cWho is afraid of Kirki\u201d we read:<\/p>\r\n<p>Look at things from the end and from their end to their beginning<br \/>because the water goes and the sand stays<br \/>which means that all those foreigners who came by force will go and the locals<br \/>will stay and rule upon their land<br \/>after such a big massacre.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Also, Kyriakos Charalambidis, following the examples of Giorgos Seferis, and mainly Constantinos Kavafis, often refers to history, especially the Byzantine Period from where he takes themes for his poems. Again, historical names are placed next to modern ones. The purpose of the poet is two-fold. He tries to give his own interpretation to historical events, to show them from another side and at the same time to give expression and meaning to contemporary events and place them in a historical perspective. The present is elevated to history and to myth. This is obvious, especially for the poetry written after 1974, where names of dead and missing persons, names of abandoned cities and villages, burned and ruined places, become the main themes of poetry. With these names emerges in poetry a tragic feeling, which grows as time passes without any changes in the political situation. These names become symbols and a new mythology is created around them. In Kyriacos Charalambidis\u2019s book \u201cAmmochostos Reigning\u201d (\u201c\u0391\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c7\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u201d), the poet draws a parallelism between the occupied city of Ammochostos in Cyprus and the \u201cQueen of the cities\u201d, according to history and tradition, Constantinople, which was also invaded many centuries ago by the Turks. The parallelism with the lost queen of the cities or the city queen starts from an adjective to the name of the occupied city of Ammochostos, borrowed from the historical Constantinople and develops on different levels in the book. The modern city personified in the book is placed parallel to Constantinople the city personified in poetic tradition. In this way a new mythology is created. Through historical and mythological references and through parallelisms with the life and the historical fate of the Byzantine capital, Ammochostos is elevated on a diachronic podium, where the great lost cities stand against time:<\/p>\r\n<p>I hear that your head was transferred<br \/>like a holy skull to Constantinople.<br \/>Byzantine emperors with bravery<br \/>placed you in the purple and gold<br \/>the star of Saint Sophia<br \/>is standing and protecting you.<br \/>And you, a woman in late hour<br \/>opens your closed eyelids.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 As time passes the consequences of the 1974 war, the long lasting partition of the island and the loss of places that are associated with the poet\u2019s memories and feelings and the danger of losing the country as a whole become more and more obvious. Poetry turns, in a way, to geography. Cities, villages, mountains, sea sites, are emerging in poetry, as symbols of the loss. Poets recall names of different places as names of the dead in liturgy. Let me give examples:<\/p>\r\n<p>You stretch the fingers<br \/>of your weakest hand<br \/>and reach Anchora<br \/>and the faraway Afentrika\u2026..<\/p>\r\n<p>You stand up slightly<br \/>and see the other Pentadaktylos,<br \/>Famoudi, Davlos, Sacred Akanthou.<\/p>\r\n<p>Small countries of the bee<br \/>which nobody harvests.<\/p>\r\n<p>(Polyvios Nicolaou: Prescriptions for young poets of Ammochostos, 1976).<\/p>\r\n<p>Or:<br \/>I say whole villages are lost<br \/>Lyssi, Vatili, Kontea<br \/>probably the whole island is lost.<br \/>(EleniTheocharous Cause Death my Angel).<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poets apply permanent and unchanged values to the occupied places and to the names of the dead, trying to give them mythological dimensions and perpetuity. The wound that was opened in place and time creates a vacuum that is filled with the sounds of the names that are repeated in an effort to receive a new meaning, since the one they had is lost.<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 While this is taking place in Greek Cypriot poetry, the references of Turkish Cypriot poets to the homeland after the tragic events of 1974 and their consequences on the lives of the people, take a different meaning. From the heroic and nationalistic poems of the previous period, speaking about martyrs and enemies, poetry turns to the loss and the partition of the island. Using mythological, historical and geographical names, they strive to stress the unity of the island in time and the role of the different civilizations in the formation of a local identity. References to mythological names, like Aphrodite and Adonis (Temuz), to Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary, as well as the various civilizations that left their traces on the island, from the ancient Greeks to the Lusignans, the Franks, the Venetians, the Ottomans, all have in contemporary Turkish Cypriot poetry an obvious ideological meaning: to demonstrate that Turkish Cypriots belong to this island and that they are products of its collective historical civilization. All these go together with references to historical and cultural places, as well, the blue sea, the olive trees, the palm trees, the land and the mountains.<br \/>In his poem Thalassa, Zeki Ali writes:<\/p>\r\n<p>I am here,<br \/>Blue as thalassa<br \/>In her ebb.<br \/>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.<br \/>Here on the dark sand<br \/>Footprints of time<br \/>Are not to be seen. Better to be gathered.<br \/>Beneath my feet, landscape<br \/>Drawing itself on memory<br \/>In thousands of moons\u2019 eclipse.<br \/>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<br \/>Now the seashells are empty,<br \/>They locked Aphrodite in a museum,<br \/>Under empty gaze,<br \/>Without you and me\u2026<\/p>\r\n<p>In the same spirit, but with apocalyptic and subversive poetical images writes the poet Jenan Seljuk:<\/p>\r\n<p>I am a tree, a date-palm<br \/>In some mesaoria cemetery.<br \/>Many civilizations buried in my shade,<br \/>Their bones are my roots\u2026<\/p>\r\n<p>We were brought from Egypt by boats<br \/>Forty-curly-slaves rowed the oars.<br \/>A Hellene with an ear-ring was my godfather,<br \/>My circumciser, a fold up Ottoman barber<br \/>Pederast.<br \/>Springs to Aphrodite<br \/>Winters to Zenon, I\u2019ve been given an apprentice.<\/p>\r\n<p>May be you didn\u2019t realize.<br \/>I was modeled after the Lusignan architects.<br \/>A heritage from Venetian merchants is<br \/>This delightful talk of mine, chasing a pleasure<br \/>Roman Byzantium\u2026 An invention of the British\u2026.<\/p>\r\n<p>In the same ideological line, sometimes with an ironical and sarcastic spirit, moves the poetry of Gurgenc Korkmazel. In his poem Arthur Rimbaud\u2019s Last Day on the Island, he writes:<\/p>\r\n<p>Bursting from the bitter mountain of which wine he drank plenty,<br \/>he stood by the cedar tree,<br \/>wide as the sky now, and unbuttoned his fly.<br \/>Height was conquered and distance!<br \/>He gazed from the well-earned place,<br \/>over indifferent valleys, forests that never see the sea,<br \/>and plains sworn to boredom.<br \/>There is nothing new to write!<br \/>Accompanied by the idle melody of an antique musical instrument,<br \/>down the \u201csnowy mountain chaos\u201d he pissed,<br \/>over the to-be-founded republic of an unborn generation.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This identification with the history and the civilization of the island, as well as its geographical landscape, shows the need of the poets to define themselves, first of all, as Cypriots. It is expressed, of course, in different ways. In the parabolic and \u2018biblical\u2019 poetry of Fikret Demirag it is a devotion to the country and its people, both Greeks and Turks. We can sense the same approach in the philosophical, more abstract and surrealistic poetry of Mehmet Kansu. In the passionate and powerful images in the poetry of Mehmet Yasin is a lament for the victims of war, the lost places and people, as well as anger against those who brought death and destruction. Nese Yasin speaks in a passionate way about buffer zones and barricades that stand between the people and her strong wish to overcome them. Alev Adil is striving to bring together the parts of her split personality.<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In the poetry of Turkish Cypriots (as well as the Greek Cypriots), which is written after 1974, there are a lot of images of death and destruction. Young boys lie dead in the fields, under the hot summer sun, dressed in soldiers\u2019 uniforms, which do not fit them. Lonely and caring women stand by the doors of their houses or in refugee tents waiting for their sons or their husbands to come, or they go to cemeteries, to the tombs of their children. Out of the interpretation of these tragic events comes an appeal for peace:<\/p>\r\n<p>The most beautiful song for peace<br \/>Sing those who were killed in the war,<\/p>\r\n<p>writes Mehmet Yasin.<br \/>Mehmet Kansu:<\/p>\r\n<p>Our boys and girls<br \/>fathers and mothers want peace<br \/>in the streets of this small country\u2026<\/p>\r\n<p>And Fikret Demirag:<\/p>\r\n<p>They have tied us to pain<br \/>but we are united with you peace.<\/p>\r\n<p>Turkish Cypriots speak about peace in the same way as Greek Cypriots speak about solution. Love for the homeland is a source of inspiration for both of them. I am sure; we will discover many interesting things in a further study of contemporary Cypriot poetry.<\/p>\r\n<p>Giorgos Moleskis<br \/>October 2013<\/p>\r\n<p>Paper presented at the 1st Diversity Arts Festival,<br \/>University of Nicosia, Thursday, October 10, 2013<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1XZFXyH_wQg\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<header class=\"entry-header\"><\/header>\r\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\r\n<h5><strong>As published in In Focus, Vol. 9, No. 4, Dec. 2012<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<p>As regards the topic of my speech, let me specify from the outset that I will be looking at authored poetry in the Cypriot dialect from the age of Vassilis Michaelides onwards. To extend backwards across love rhymes and demotic songs as well as to seek associations with modern dialectal poetry are aims that lie beyond the scope of this presentation.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>The space occupied by the theme of erotic love in the dialectal poetry of Cyprus starting from Dimitris Lipertis is immense, perhaps bigger than that taken up by any other topic. I specifically begin with Lipertis because he, more than anyone else, had paved by example the path which learned poets were to tread, writing as they did in the Cypriot dialect; but Lipertis also opened the way for folk poets to advance from the lengthy narrative style of oral lore to folkloric, practical philosophical, amorous and other poems of limited length. Lipertis was, of course, preceded by Vassilis Michaelides who, after a long tenure in the formal language, the<i>katharevousa\u00a0<\/i>and the\u00a0<i>demotiki<\/i>, went on to write in the Cypriot dialect those poems which would elevate him to the status of an important poet, indeed the national poet of Cyprus. Nevertheless, it was Lipertis\u2019 verse structure, style, choice of themes, and his wider folkloric and didactic approach, ingrained into traditional knowledge, that his subsequent dialectal poets would choose to cultivate. To a large extent, this also holds true for the topic under review, namely love poetry.<\/p>\r\n<p>With reference to Vassilis Michaelides, this particular topic summons up his single love poem written in the Cypriot dialect \u2013 save his \u201cmyllomena\u201d or risqu\u00e9 poems \u2013 titled \u201c\u0391\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u201d [The Fairy]. There should be no doubt that this renowned poem marks a special moment in the entire course of Cypriot poetry, and not just its dialectal manifestations. At the same time, it is much more than just a love poem. Written in verses that flow like musical melody, in Michaelides\u2019 contemporary dialect of Mesaoria, natural and devoid of superfluous ornamentations, conjuring images reminiscent of a breathtaking landscape, this poem invites interest in a multitude of ways.<\/p>\r\n<p>The poet creatively adjusts to his own choice of themes and poetics the erratic poetic motif of the fairy, variations of which may be encountered in\u00a0<i>demotic<\/i>\u00a0but also authored works of different peoples, for instance in the well-known demotic song \u201c\u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2\u201d [The Peddler], as well as in an array of works by renowned poets, Greek and non-Greek alike, including John Keats, Alexander Pushkin, Heinrich Heine, Mikhail Lermontov, Val\u00e9ry Brioussov, Georgios Vizyinos, Costis Palamas and others. Useful insight into this topic is offered by Lefteris Papaleontiou\u2019s study on \u201cThe motif of the Fairy and the anxiety of the poet\u201d in \u201c\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u201d [Reflective adjustments. For the history of Modern Greek literature]i.<\/p>\r\n<p>Michaelides\u2019 \u201cAnerada\u201d arouses mad and uncontrollable ardor into the man who comes across her, with promises of unspeakable joys and thrills along with hopes for a paradisiacal life; only to abruptly abandon him to despair, madness and death:<\/p>\r\n<pre>\u039b\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u2019 : \u0391\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2,\r\n\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b4\u03af\u03c7\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5,\r\n\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03ba\u2019 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u00b7\r\n\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1 \u03be\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac \u2019\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\r\n\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u2018\u2019\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\r\n\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b1\u03b5\u03af. ii\r\n\r\nShe said: \u201cIf you\u2019re so stately,\r\ngo on, without me now live;\r\nthat is, if you have got the heart\u201d.\r\nUpon this she with laughter shrieked\r\nand at her mirth I felt as if\r\nmy chest had almost nearly cracked.<\/pre>\r\n<p>Aside the motif of the Fairy, Michaelides\u2019 poem contains a personal yearning which could have stemmed from a love unrequited. At the same time, it comprises allegorical allusions to some lost dream, or even poetic inspiration which guides the poet to magical worlds and lifts him to the highest heights before cruelly deserting him. This same motif is encountered in the poetry of Pavlos Liasides, for instance in the poem \u201c\u0395\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u201d [You are a Fairy] which, as Lefteris Papaleontiou observes, evokes both the \u201cCypriot \u2018demotic\u2019 traditions about the fairies\u201d, as well as Vassilis Michaelides\u2019 \u201cAnerada\u201d<\/p>\r\n<pre>You\u2019 re not of one mind with us,\r\nno woman\u2019s womb has spawned you;\r\nno angels hurled you down to earth,\r\nwhose seed you are, I\u2019ll tell you;\r\nof the waves, the tempestuous sea,\r\nof the winds and of the highest cliffs\r\nyou are the daughter. But alas, you went astray\r\nand I the first to endure the unforgiving pain. iv<\/pre>\r\n<p>The same motif of the beloved enchantress Liasides employs in a few other poems too; but there, it follows a reverse course and functions in a clearly allegorical manner: the poet is enamored with his \u201cfairy\u201d who appears at first unapproachable and unreachable, but after putting on a passionate struggle with all the concomitant faith and devotion, he finally wins her. Yet this fairy is not a woman; it is poetry itself:<\/p>\r\n<pre>Since I was seven I was struck by a single idea,\r\nand unwillingly I fell in love with the daughter of a king.\r\nI knew her not, but what of it? only in the mind\u2019s eye\r\nhad I forged the image I imagined I had glanced at.\r\nThe yearning lodged in my heart, slowly eating away\r\nhad forced me to abandon school and leave half way through.\r\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\r\nSo I crafted an airplane, my very own invention\r\nand set out to find her or lose my life in trying.\r\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\r\nThrice I roamed around the globe\r\nuntil I finally met her, at twenty five and a half.\r\nAs soon as she laid eyes on me she put her arms around me\r\nfor she had love for me as well, in secret, as an infant!\r\nI suffered dearly at the hands of fear and despair\r\nbut I have won her whom I love \u2013 poetry is her name.v<\/pre>\r\n<p>Of course, as already mentioned above, the man who established love poetry in the Cypriot dialect is Dimitris Lipertis. Amidst his poems of a moral-didactic and often folkloric disposition, with representations of mores and characters of the Cypriot countryside wherein the narrative element prevails, a considerable part is devoted to poems about love. These may be classified into two categories: those themed after love but which lack the personal biographical element, and those composed upon a personal yearning. The same categorization of Lipertis\u2019 body of work is proposed by Pavlos Paraskevas in the introductory volume to the poet\u2019s\u00a0<i>Complete Works<\/i>, published by Chr. Andreouvi.<\/p>\r\n<p>To the first category belong poems in which the poet-narrator presents a love story or a topic permeated by a folkloric approach engrafted into traditional knowledge. He either talks about the conceited or aloof woman who, at the end, pays the price for her refusal to fall in love with the passionate young man who lusts after her; or for the woman who denies and abandons her beloved to the throes of agony, e.g. \u201c\u0397 \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u201d [The disgraced\u00a0 woman], \u201c\u0397 \u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c6\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2\u201d [The olive tree hollow], \u201c\u039f \u0394\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2\u201d [The town crier], \u201c\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c0\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u201d [She, high and mighty], \u201c\u03a4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u201d [Her spite] and many more. Sometimes he employs a humoristic and ironic mood to describe female cunningness, as in the renowned dialogic poem \u201c\u0397 \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u201d [The blue-eyed girl], or talks about beauty posing lethal danger to the young man who should become trapped in its web, as in \u201c\u03a0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u201d [She could make a bishop dismount his horse] and many more.<\/p>\r\n<p>The second category includes an array of poems wherein the personal element is readily discerned on the planes of both myth and topic, as well as on the level of emotions. These poems lead us to conjecture that they draw on some of the poet\u2019s biographical details, that they were spawned from a personal yearning, probably unattainable, either from the admiration and longing he had felt for a woman, or from lust. Of course everything is rendered in Lipertis\u2019 poetic manner, with a large dose of imagination, fictional elements and images evoking an idyllic world \u2013 which is precisely why these elements are transposed and incorporated into Lipertis\u2019 well-worked, distinctive poetics. At the risk of being wrong, in this category I would venture to place such poems as \u201c\u0392\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd \u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u201d [Sunset], which despite its affinities to similar poetic motifs, expresses a fine, ingrained personal feeling; \u201c\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2\u201d [To the most beautiful girl in the country], \u201c\u03a4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u201d [The casket], \u201c\u039c\u03b5\u03b8 \u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c9\u201d [Don\u2019t think that I will deceive you], \u201c\u0398\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u0384\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u201d [I look at you and wonder but one thing], \u201c\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u201d [Breeze] and other. In the same category I would even place the poem \u201c\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u201d [My desires]:<\/p>\r\n<pre>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\r\n\u03a4\u03b6\u03b9 \u03ae\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u2019\u03c3\u2019 \u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd;\r\n\u03a0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u2019 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u2019 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\r\n\u03a4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c4\u03ad \u03be\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd;\r\n\u0391\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd,\r\n\u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd,\r\n\u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ac \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd,\r\n\u03a0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.vii<\/pre>\r\n<address>\u00a0<\/address>\r\n<pre>Can anyone stop the air from flowing through?\r\nOr glance at what it is that chaos contains?\r\nWhence starts the edge of heaven or its end,\r\nWho knows? Or better still, who is to ascertain?\r\nBut if perchance such things are meant to be,\r\nthen what\u2019s inside me will surely take shape,\r\nthen all my longing will emerge in plain view\r\ncomplete with wings, yearning to fly away.<\/pre>\r\n<p>The example of Dimitris Lipertis was emulated by other learned poets. From the earlier ones, reference should be made to Antonis Klokkaris and Costas Markides, the authors of quite a few love poems broadly articulated within the spirit of Lipertis\u2019 poetry. From subsequent learned poets, Costas Montis and Michalis Pashardis have written in the dialect. Of their works, quite a few have love themes and, albeit dialectal, they keep to the writing style and tone of their author \u2013 but not without a certain dose of mannerism, the mood to play with language and the theme uttered through it. This is amply evident in the dialectal poetry of Costas Montis:<\/p>\r\n<pre>\u0398\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\r\n\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c9,\r\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03c9,\r\n\u03b2\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce \u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\r\n\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\r\n\u03bd\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c3\u03c9. viii\r\n\r\nHer heart is sealed to me, I know.\r\nBut do I look to run away?\r\nTo knock my head against a wall and so be saved?\r\nRound and round do I prowl\r\nstruggling like a newborn\r\nto find a crack and therein crawl my way.<\/pre>\r\n<p>Of special interest is the love poetry of Pavlos Liasides. Even though he initially followed the example of Dimitris Lipertis, as in writing short poems in the Cypriot dialect covering local, mainly rural topics, his is nevertheless a different approach, for Liasides uses language in a manner which is authentic and allows him to naturally identify with his topics. He lives everything from within, this is his own world; he is not a folklorist, he doesn\u2019t represent a world he observes from the outside, but one he experiences from within, ridden with prejudices and phallocratic perceptions. Still, what affords him originality and poetic interest is mainly his revolutionary and subversive dispositions. These elements take up a large part of his love poetry, which stands out by means of its intense passion and wealth of moods. It is sometimes visibly \u201cautobiographical\u201d and other times given to amorous moods and imagination, forged upon conjured myths and stories. However, these poems too appear to draw on the poet\u2019s personal biographical details and emotional \u201cescapades\u201d:<\/p>\r\n<pre>The girl I love is deeply in despair\r\nBecause of life, of bliss, because of love.\r\nStricken by grief and poverty she fares\r\nwhilst bringing comfort into my joyless heart. ix\r\nor\r\nEach Sunday, lass, as I pass along your alley\r\nand you stand in the doorway smiling at me\r\nthen hunger leaves me as well as shame for what they\u2019ll think.\r\nYour love, your gaze, they nurture me and I invite\r\nany physician to go on, examine me\r\nHe\u2019ll learn a lesson of how to live eternally. x<\/pre>\r\n<p>The subversiveness proper to Liasides\u2019 social-political poetry is extended across his love poems. In the poem \u201c\u0388\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u201d [Do away with her] the poet appeals to the very Creator, asking him to annihilate the creature he has made, lest by the power of her beauty she should destroy the world:<\/p>\r\n<pre>\u0398\u03b5\u03ad \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\r\n\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\r\n\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u2018\u2019\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd. \u0388\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9-\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.\r\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u2019 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u2019 \u2019\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\r\n\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9.\r\n\u039c\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b9-\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\r\n\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u2019\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.\r\n\u0393\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u2019 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\r\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u2019 \u2019\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9. xi\r\n\r\nMy God, how wrong of you it was to have created her,\r\nthink of the corpses that amass fighting for her love.\r\nNo blame befalls them; she\u2019s unique. The sky is in her gaze,\r\nbrimful with rain and lightning whilst casting the unsaid,\r\nbound to ruin anything on which it goes to rest.\r\nNo man can weave his life with her and go on living full;\r\nShe\u2019s like a lichen that prevents the grass from sprouting through.\r\nBut if her beauty you cannot revoke, then take her with you,\r\nor else the world you\u2019ve crafted, God, to nothing she\u2019ll reduce.<\/pre>\r\n<address>\u00a0<span class=\"Apple-style-span\">Immersed in passion, these verses are reminiscent of Vladimir Mayakovski\u2019s poem \u201cThe Backbone Flute\u201d:\u00a0xii<\/span><\/address>\r\n<pre>What heavenly Hoffman\r\nthought of your likeness, accursed and heinous?\r\n\u00a0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\r\nOnly do this for me \u2013\r\nTake away that heinous\r\nwhom you\u2019ve made my only beloved. xiii<\/pre>\r\n<p>Also of note is the love poetry of another significant folk poet of Cyprus, Kyriakos Karneras. His is a small body of work since, being illiterate, he had to compose his poems and commit them to memory until he could find a literate man to note them down. Nevertheless, Karneras has written a few beautiful love poems that although somewhat reminiscent of Lipertis or Liasides, are original works that bear his personal mark. A hymn to the beauty of the beloved, unattainable love, rejection, separation caused by death, but also the pleasures of an amorous affair that finds its way to consummation are the main topics of Karneras\u2019 love poems \u2013 most of them succinct, with a distinctive clarity of images and feelings, and musicality of verses.<\/p>\r\n<pre>There is a bee that every dawn, instead of setting out\r\nto gather nectar from the fields, the highest peaks and hills,\r\nand choose the fairest of the buds so as to make honey,\r\nto keep in store and eat each time with hunger she\u2019s replete\r\nprefers to rise at daybreak and merrily take wing\r\n- given to tender lullabies and singing all along\u2013\r\nuntil she hovers round and round the woman that I love\r\nlonging to harvest from her cheeks the fruit to make honey.xiv<\/pre>\r\n<p>In other poems, Karneras revisits the topic of separation imposed on two lovers by death\u2019s devastating intervention in their lives and love. I cannot tell whether these poems belong to the sphere of the imaginary, born under the bearing of Dimitris Lipertis\u2019 renowned poem \u201cSunset\u201d or if they embark from an actual event which had sealed Karneras\u2019 personal life, a commonplace in folk poetry as far as sources of inspiration go; in any case, these poems are evidently permeated by fine, sincere longing:<\/p>\r\n<pre>If only I were the earth, my love of old, the ground\r\nthat holds you tightly in its arms;\r\nof toil I\u2019d be content to faint, promptly, without a doubt\r\nnor would I\u2019ve craved heaven to live among the birds.\r\nIf only I were the earth they dug to craft your nest,\r\nthe cresset for the candle that at your bedside burns.\r\nIf only I were the shroud, the olive wreath; to go\r\nexactly where you are now, to merge with you in whole. xv<\/pre>\r\n<p>Almost every folk poet in Cyprus has engaged in love poetry. Boasting either more or less originality, their poems move within the framework presented above and allude to the work of the greatest poets who chose to write in the dialect. There is, however, another genre of love poetry, quite common in its own right, the short (either couplet, triplet or quatrain) amorous poem or song, which also engaged the efforts of most folk poets. This particular genre holds more palpable links to tradition and belongs to the sphere of oral or \u201cperformative\u201d works, with strong pretenses to improvisation rather than written tradition. It is a genre usually sung at various events, often accompanied by violin; nevertheless, it is also encountered in numerous published collections of folk poets. Even though it does share common elements with the \u201ctsiattista\u201dxvi\u00a0(lively, impromptu oral poetry), this particular category of love songs is quite different. It is true that folk poets did sometimes compete as to who would produce the best song, but not in the form of a rivalry; poetic dueling would be a more appropriate term.<\/p>\r\n<p>Even though the theme on which love songs are crafted is predetermined and has its own rules, these songs do contain an impressive array of images, finds, comparisons and parallelisms. Their poetics is precisely based on resourcefulness, exaggeration and absurdity, through which ardor comes forth. The beloved\u2019s pulchritude is unparalleled: a mere look or smile of hers suffices to elevate the enamored man to a state of elation or make him capable of tasks mightier than Hercules\u2019. Her denial can kill him; her love can bring him back to life. There is, in other words, a designated poetics, an established, well-processed system of means and manners of expression, a circle of symbols and images, comparisons and metaphors skillfully employed to render amorous passion, describe beauty, express the power of love etc.<\/p>\r\n<p>The poet of the amorous song is not necessarily in love, neither does he need to address his poems to someone in particular. No assortment of \u201cfall-outs\u201d and reconciliations, acceptance or rejection, smiles, held gazes and silences is necessary here. This is a game in progress, based on fixed rules, which allows an eighty-year-old man as much as a twelve-year-old child to compose and sing their own love songs \u2013 brimmed with passion no less. Here are a few samples:<\/p>\r\n<pre>Oh my beloved, whom I have lost, come back to my embrace,\r\nand as my feet doth here stand straight on the grave\u2019s steps\r\nthe Rock of the Greek I\u2019ll lift and carry from Paphos on my back. xvii\u00a0\r\n(Georgios Katsantonis)\r\n\r\nI was with her when we had walked the outskirts of Skala\r\nand in the salt lake when she laid her hands\r\nthe salt was gone, and now instead of giving salt\r\nthe lake does give sweet sugar.\u00a0 xviii\r\n(Kostas Katsantonis)\r\n\r\nAs she emerged and I saw her, a statue from the sea\r\nmy heart did nearly stop.\r\nDeath didn\u2019t take me, I have lived, but not without losing\r\nmy hearing, and my wits\r\nand also my tongue.\u00a0 xix\r\n(Nikolas Kouvaros)<\/pre>\r\n<p>Eros is a timeless topic, a perennial one, entrenched in the poetry of all peoples across time. It is expressed through an array of currents and styles, infused with the grain and colour of each epoch, but also with the mentality of a people. It appears therefore that the dialectal love poetry of Cyprus illustrates in, its own way, the amorous perceptions, desires and fantasies of the Cypriots during a period of historical and social evolution. Changes in the way of life and the retreat of the dialect have had their own bearing on poetry. But this is a subject that calls for a separate investigation.<\/p>\r\n<p>Translated by\u00a0<i>Despina Pirketti\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\r\n<p>Translator\u2019s Note:\u00a0<i>All dialectal poems referenced in this essay are rhymed in the original, from which we give samples for our Greek-speaking readers. Even though a reproduction of the correspondence of sounds in the English translation has not been achieved in full, care has been taken to preserve the musicality of verses, which in quite a few fortuitous cases also does justice to rhyme. (D.P.) \u00a0<\/i><\/p>\r\n<p>i. Lefteris Papaleontiou,<i>\u00a0\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/i>. Gavrielides Editions, Athens 2000, pp. 17-56.<\/p>\r\n<p>ii. Vassilis Michaelides,\u00a0<i>\u0386\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1.<\/i>\u00a0\u0392\u2019 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7. Chr. Andreou Editions, Nicosia 2002, p. 125.<\/p>\r\n<p>iii. Giorgos Kehayoglou \u2013 Lefteris Papaleontiou:\u00a0<i>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.\u00a0<\/i>\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0395\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, Nicosia 2010, p. 299.<\/p>\r\n<div>\u00a0iv. Pavlos Liasides,\u00a0<i>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd.<\/i>\u00a0Nicosia, Cyprus, 1937, p. 30 [Cypriot text]v. Ibid. pp. 52-53. [Cypriot text]vi. Pavlos Paraskevas, \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u039b\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.\u00a0<i>\u0397 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/i>. Chr. Andreou Publications, Nicosia 1988, p. 112.\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div>\r\n<p>vii. Dimitris Lipertis,\u00a0<i>\u0386\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/i>. Chr. Andreou Publications, Nicosia 1988, p. 211.<\/p>\r\n<p>viii. Costas Montis<i>, \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1.<\/i>\u00a0Nicosia 1980, p. 15.<\/p>\r\n<p>ix. Pavlos Liasides,<i>\u00a0\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c5<\/i>, Cyprus 1944, p. 19 [Cypriot text].<\/p>\r\n<p>x. Pavlos Liasides,\u00a0<i>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ba\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5,<\/i>\u00a0Cyprus 1933, p. 22 [Cypriot text].<\/p>\r\n<p>xi. Pavlos Liasides,\u00a0<i>\u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/i>, Cyprus, 1928, p. 29.<\/p>\r\n<p>xii. Vladimir Mayakovski, \u00ab\u03a3\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u00bb in Odysseas Elytis,\u00a0<i>\u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae<\/i>. Ikaros 1976, pp 185-196.<\/p>\r\n<p>xiii. English translation by Andrey Kneller [Translator\u2019s Note].<\/p>\r\n<p>xiv. K. Th. Karnera,\u00a0<i>\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0386\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/i>. Ministry of Education, Cultural Services, Nicosia 1980, p. 30 [Cypriot text].<\/p>\r\n<p>xv. Ibid. p. 29\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>xvi. Inscribed on the\u00a0<i>Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity<\/i>\u00a0in 2011. [Translator\u2019s Note]\r\n<p>xvii. The poem was recited in the 1985 Kataklysmos Fair in Larnaka. It has been transcribed here from memory by Giorgos Moleskis.<\/p>\r\n<p>xviii. K. Katsantonis,\u00a0<i>\u039a\u03bf\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u0390\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1<\/i>. \u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u039a\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u039b\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, Nicosia 1980, p. 7.<\/p>\r\n<p>xix.\u00a0<i>\u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/i>. Ministry of Education \u2013 Cultural Services, Nicosia 1980, p. 194.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Studies\/Essays THE HOMELAND IN CYPRIOT POETRY \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cypriot poets, both Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot, discovered their country as a unique geographical and historical place and gave it a new role and shape in their poetry, mainly after the events of 1974. Before that, for both communities, Cyprus was like a boat in the sea [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":230,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-65","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","czr-hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Studies-Essays - G\u03b9orgos Moleskis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0394\u0399\u0397\u0393\u0397\u039c\u0391\u03a4\u0391 \u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u039f\u039a\u03a5\u03a0\u03a1\u0399\u03a9\u039d \u039a\u0391\u0399 \u03a4\u039f\u03a5\u03a1\u039a\u039f\u039a\u03a5\u03a0\u03a1\u0399\u03a9\u039d\u0394\u0399\u0393\u039b\u03a9\u03a3\u03a3\u0397 \u0391\u039d\u0398\u039f\u039b\u039f\u0393\u0399\u0391\u0395\u039a\u0394\u039f\u03a3\u0397: \u03a0\u039f\u039b\u0399\u03a4\u0399\u03a3\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u0395\u03a3 \u03a5\u03a0\u0397\u03a1\u0395\u03a3\u0399\u0395\u03a3 \u03a5\u03a0\u039f\u03a5\u03a1\u0393\u0395\u0399\u039f\u03a5 \u03a0\u0391\u0399\u0394\u0395\u0399\u0391\u03a3 \u039a\u0391\u0399 \u03a0\u039f\u039b\u0399\u03a4\u0399\u03a3\u039c\u039f\u03a5 \u039b\u0395\u03a5\u039a\u03a9\u03a3\u0399\u0391 2013\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/giorgosmoleskis.com.cy\/en\/studies-essays\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:el]\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2-\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1[:en]Studies-Essays[:] - 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